Fig. 2
From: Precision therapeutic targets for HPV-positive cancers: an overview and new insights
Mechanism of therapeutic mRNA vaccine against tumors. The mRNA is translated into the specific antigen proteins by ribosomes within the cell. These proteins are then processed and presented on the cell surface, along with MHC molecules to activate T cells of the adaptive immune system. Additionally, the vaccine can also stimulate the production of antibodies by B cells, further bolstering the immune response against tumors. Created in BioRender.com