Insight into the mechanisms regulating liver cancer stem cells by hepatitis B virus X protein

Table 1 The factors involved in the control of LCSC-associated signaling pathways mediated by HBX

Target signaling	Target molecules	The effect of target molecules on identified signaling	The role of HBX on target molecule	References
Wnt/β-catenin	APC, PTEN, GSK3β	Inhibition	Inhibition	[36, 40, 41]
Wnt/β-catenin	URG11, Notch1, ETV4, LASP1	Activation	Upregulation/ Activation	[37,38,39, 42]
Wnt/β-catenin	MDM2, MYH9	Activation	Upregulation/ Interaction	[31, 45]
PI3-K/AKT	PTEN, miR-132	Inhibition	Inhibition	[48, 49]
PI3-K/AKT	AFP, AFPR, LASP1	Activation	Upregulation	[42, 50, 51]
TGF-β	PPM1a	Inhibition	Inhibition	[58]
TGF-β	SMAD4	Activation	Upregulation/ Interaction	[59]
TGF-β	Egr	Activation	Activation	[60]
STAT3	IL-6, ROS, LASP1, SH2D5	Activation	Upregulation	[30, 42, 65, 66]

ISSN: 1750-9378