Factors affecting Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus transmission in rural Ugandan households, a longitudinal study

Table 2 Risk factor associations with KSHV ever vs. never shedding (n = 340)

Risk Factors	Crude Estimates		Adjusted Estimates
Risk Factors	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Sex – Female vs. Male	0.77(0.47,1.27)	0.303	-
Age (years) – continuous	1.00(0.99,1.01)	0.763	-
Age (years)		0.633
1–4 years	REF		-
5–9 years	1.16(0.39,3.41)	0.792	-
10–14 years	1.62(0.56,4.71)	0.375	-
15–19 years	1.94(0.59,6.35)	0.275	-
20–29 years	1.49(0.41,5.39)	0.541	-
30–39 years	0.80(0.24,2.69)	0.711	-
40 + years	1.08(0.36,3.18)	0.896	-
Socioeconomic Status Quintiles^a		0.238		0.264
Highest	REF		REF
Fourth	1.29(0.58,2.85)	0.528	1.48(0.68,3.20)	0.321
Middle	0.72(0.30,1.75)	0.471	0.89(0.37,2.16)	0.799
Second	1.22(0.45,3.36)	0.693	1.53(0.56,4.14)	0.405
Lowest	0.18(0.03,1.16)	0.071	0.25(0.04,1.56)	0.136
Number of Household Members – continuous	1.10(1.00,1.21)	0.051	-
Number of KSHV Seropositive Household Members – continuous	1.14(1.03,1.26)	0.013*	-
Sick individual in home at time of visit – yes vs. no	1.07(0.48,2.40)	0.870	-
EBV Serostatus – seropositive vs. seronegative	0.01(< 0.01,>999.9)	0.858	-
Individual HIV Serostatus – seropositive vs. seronegative	0.62(0.29,1.35)	0.228	-
Household HIV Status – At least one PLWH vs. No PLWH^a	1.10(0.58,2.06)	0.774	1.22(0.66,2.24)	0.529
Total Study Visits
1	REF		-
2	0.61(0.20,1.88)	0.387	-
3	1.54(0.58,4.06)	0.384	-

Acronyms Used: Antiretroviral therapy (ART), Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), People living with HIV (PLWH)
All variables missing < 2% data except where specified.
HIV seropositive individuals were those who self-reported as HIV positive or whose HIV status was confirmed using previously collected GPC census or other study data.
Years since HIV diagnosis and ART status were available for those who self-reported their HIV status (n = 39).
KSHV seropositivity was defined as detection of anti-KSHV IgG antibodies to K3, K5, K6, K8, K11, K8.1, K10.5, K14, ORF11, ORF18, ORF19, ORF2, ORF20, ORF25, ORF26, ORF33, ORF34, ORF35, ORF37, ORF38, ORF43, ORF44, ORF45, ORF50, ORF52, ORF55, ORF59, ORF6, ORF60, ORF61, ORF63, ORF65, ORF69, ORF72, or ORF73.
EBV seropositivity was defined as detection of anti-EBV IgG antibodies to VCA or EBNA-1.
*p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
All models included a random intercept and random slope for household.
^aSES and Household HIV Adjusted for number of household members (continuous)

ISSN: 1750-9378